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  VALID  
  From 14th Century Latin validus meaning "having force (strength) in law, legally binding". From earlier Latin valens= "strong, powerful, able, worthy". Since the 19th Century, valid is frequently misinterpreted as "well grounded, pertinent and/or logical". In contrast, a valid legal argument does not have to be well grounded, pertinent or logical, merely have force (strength) in law and/or legally binding.  
   
  VESSEL  
  From 13th Century Latin vascellum meaning "small container" as it pertains to either a SHIP or a HUMAN BEING. From earlier Latin vās "vessel" and cella "small room/cavity". A legal fiction created by the Roman Cult as part of MARITIME LAW for the purpose of controlling trade. Under MARITIME LAW, a HUMAN is deemed a "vessel".  
   
  VIRTUTE OFFICII  
  From pre-Vatican Roman Law Latin and carried through into COMMON LAW meaning "by virtue of their office" pertaining to both the rights and obligations of office holders as it relates to DUE PROCESS. An ancient phrase stating the obligation and duty of those holding official office, also enshrined in the ancient pre-Vatican Latin word officium.  
     
     
 
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